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Story: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news
/2003/11/1119_031119_rorqualwhale.html

New Whale Species Announced by Japanese Scientists

The number of rorqual whale species swimming in the world's oceans has jumped to eight from six, according to new research by a team of Japanese scientists published in the science journal Nature. The research shows that rorquals commonly referred to as Bryde's whales actually represent three distinct species.

Japanese researchers have determined that eight whales that were killed and collected by scientists in ocean waters around Indonesia and the Solomon Islands during the 1970s (above) belong to a distinct species of baleen whale. Scientists previously believed the specimens were Bryde's whales.

Rorqual whales do not have teeth. Instead they have baleen, a horny substance found in rows of plates along their upper jaws, and they are thus classified as baleen whales. They range from about 26 to 92 feet (8 to 28 meters) in length and weigh upwards of 220,000 pounds (100,000 kilograms).

Rorquals are found throughout the world's oceans and are distinguished by their long bodies and pleated throats. Their most familiar species are the common minke whale and the blue whale.

The Japanese scientists identified a new species of rorqual, Balaenoptera omurai, and resolved a long-standing debate by showing that other whales previously referred to as Bryde's whale are indeed distinct species:

"It was not a big surprise to me that we encountered the species we described," said Tadasu Yamada, a biologist at the National Science Museum in Tokyo and co-author of the research describing the species.

Yamada and colleagues Shiro Wada of the National Research Institute of Fisheries Science in Yokohama and Masayuki Oishi of the Iwate Prefectural Museum in Morioka, gained access to the specimens and based their conclusions on a comparison of the species' morphology (body form), bone structure, and DNA.

"Scientists, noted Yamada, rely on access to museum specimens—many of them more than 100 years old—to do their work. By applying improved techniques to these specimens, the researchers can mine new knowledge—in this case an improved understanding of taxonomy.

"The basic conclusion that there are a number of taxa from a single group is sound," said Baker. "But there will be some skepticism about how they were able to resolve the previous taxonomy because of the nature of the holotype specimens."








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